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So, white people seem to get really, really angry when I write about gentrification, as evidenced through the many irate comments I’ve gotten, in which I’m called ignorant, racist, and “mean bitch,” amongst other things. I’ve left lots of those comments lingering in moderation for a while, because I couldn’t decide whether I wanted to give these people a space for their inane and often offensive rants, especially when I don’t have the time, energy, or desire to engage with them. But in the end, I’ve decided, what the hell, I’ll approve them. Especially because I have more readers nowadays who will maybe, hopefully help me respond to the bullshit every once in a while? (If interested, you can find the most recent mindblowingly-asinine rant on the “postmodern hipster colonists suck” post, courtesy of Lilly.)

However, sometimes these posts still generate really good comments. I wanted to highlight a recent one here, not just because I appreciate the insight, but also because I think it’s important to foreground the experiences of people who are more directly impacted by gentrification (I’m a NYC transplant from Jersey, and, I’ll be honest, am more of a contributor to gentrification than a victim of it.) Here’s part of what Ebony wrote:

I am from New York City. My mother was born and raised in Harlem in Drew Hamliton Projects. If you are from New York you know where Drew Hamilton is. I am disgusted with the invasion of white people in Harlem. I am not racist but I am proud of Harlem. I like the idea of segregation in Harlem. Itâ€™s not Harlem without black people, the same goes for New Orleans. White people have every neighborhood from A street to 96th street as well as Inwood. Why do they need Spanish Harlem, Harlem, and Washington Heights. These people can live anywhere in the 5 boroughs but choose to move to Harlem. They treat this area as if it was nothing before they got there, as if people didnâ€™t reside in this area prior to them moving in. They donâ€™t understand the value of this area.

Read the rest of the comment here.

The part that I’ve emphasized is an excellent description of what seems to be a very prevalent attitude amongst gentrification’s beneficiaries: the notion that these neighborhoods were relatively worthless, uninhabited wastelands until the gentrifying classes moved in.

I was treated to some great examples of this attitude a couple of weeks ago on The Leonard Lopate Show, a radio program on WNYC (a local NPR station.) The segment, “How To Be a Good Tourist,” was a conversation between Lopate, two NYC journalists, and callers about NYC neighborhoods, cultural institutions, restaurants and other locations that are often missed or overlooked by tourists and residents alike. They got to talking about certain neighborhoods that have historically been overlooked and have “changed” (what a euphemism!) in recent years, as well as neighborhoods that are about to “change.” Here’s some of the conversation, with emphasis and commentary added:

Rosemary Black: I think [the city] is constantly changing… Just a few years ago, the Meatpacking District was quite desolate and nobody would ever go over there unless they were trying to get to the West Side Highway or something…

Leonard Lopate: And it smelled bad, because of all of the blood that was on the street, the sidewalk…

RB: Exactly. And now it’s just filled with trendy restaurants and clubs and bars and you walk over there at night and it’s just teeming with people, and these places are hard to get into, there’s some really nice places over there… it’s completely different from what it used to be. And the same really with the Lower East Side; if you think about what the Lower East Side was like fifteen years ago and you walk over there now, it’s like being in a whole different city.

A whole different city, indeed. A much whiter, richer, less-immigrant-populated city, as the East Village continues to encroach on Loisaida (see the linked Wikipedia entry for a good description of the changes she’s referencing.)

LL: Now, why do you think a neighborhood suddenly takes off like that?

Melena Ryzik: Well, it starts with the low rents. That’s the key thing –

LL: Big spaces and low rents.

MR: Exactly, exactly. And of course I think there’s also the idea for New Yorkers that you want to be the first person to discover something, so there’s a certain cache in having been maybe the first person or the first set of people living over on the Meatpacking district side of things.

Again with this colonialist, pioneer mentality. 14: meanwhile, in another part of town. Because it’s not as if people haven’t been living in these areas for decades now; maybe just not the people that count for much of anything except a novelty and a provider of “exotic” foods to these folks.

LL: Do you think that the South Bronx is likely to change when the new Yankee Stadium opens in a few years?

RB: I think there’s a good chance, everything changes! Places that we wouldn’t have thought a few years ago would be completely different are totally changed around, and safe, and getting to be desirable places to live, so I think there’s a good chance of it.

Who’s the “we” in this entire conversation? Can we assume that it’s white folks with money? Because there’s been a whole lot of folks living in the South Bronx for a long time now – and some of them have thought it a “desirable” place to live all along, despite obvious problems like economic depression and neglect.

Of course, they eventually get to talking about Williamsburg and Bushwick: Download vst nexus fl studio 12 free download.

LL: And Melena, you say it’s all about rent, because rents are so high in certain areas that people have to constantly go and make new areas popular?

MR: That’s right. You mentioned Williamsburg; you know, that was one of the areas that artists first started moving into when they started moving out of Manhattan, and now that place is full, that neighborhood is full of, you know, million dollar condos, so those kind of people are getting pushed further and further out into Bushwick, which means that there are now great restaurants and bars and places to go to in Bushwick, although not as easy to get to.

Yup. It doesn’t mean that the entire face of the neighborhood is changing; it doesn’t mean that low-income Latinos are getting priced-out, evicted and displaced. No, the important thing here is one of the most economically-depressed and neglected areas of the city is getting some nice restaurants and bars and places to go, not for the long-time residents, but for the sake of the moneyed newcomers who are being “pushed out” of Williamsburg, the last area that they “discovered” and made their own. What about the people who those artists helped to push out of Williamsburg, and who they’ll now help push out of Bushwick, too? Apparently, those displaced people aren’t even worth a mention.

Information about the United States’ space flight programs, including NASA missions and the astronauts who participate in the efforts to explore space.

Guide to the Records of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Describes the records of NASA held by the National Archives.
Guide to the Records of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science and Astronautics: Explains the types of records available on the House Committee on Science and Astronautics and its predecessor committees from 1958 to the present.
Guide to the Records of the U.S. Senate: Committee on Commerce and Related Committees: Includes records of the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 1958-1976.

Mars taken by Hubble Space Telescope.
(Courtesy of NASA and the Hubble Heritage Team)

Presidential Libraries

The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library And Museum: Space Sources

The Early History and Development of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): Provides digital images of records related to the establishment and development of NASA.
Sputnik and the Space Race: Provides digital images of records on Sputnik held at the Eisenhower Library, including press conferences, presidential addresses, and minutes to cabinet meetings.

John F. Kennedy Library & Museum: Space Sources

1962-09-12 Rice University: 'Video of the National Aeronautic Space Administration's (NASA) coverage of President John F. Kennedy's address at Rice University, Houston, Texas, concerning the nation's efforts in space exploration.' Includes a transcript of the speech.
JFK in History: Space Program: This is a multimedia web site that offers audio and transcriptions of President Kennedy’s important speeches about space exploration.
Media Gallery: Space: A collection of photographs related to President Kennedy's interest in the space program.
Remarks in San Antonio, Texas at the Dedication of the Aerospace Medical Health Center, 21 November 1963: Given by Kennedy on the day before his assassination, this speech discusses the role of medicine and health research in space exploration. The page provides a link to audio of the speech.
Why Choose the Moon? Debating the Decision to Go to the Moon: Lesson plan designed for grades 6-9.

Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum: Space Resources

Cooperation with the U.S.S.R. on Outer Space Matters, March 3, 1964: Memo from Johnson to the Administrator of NASA endorsing cooperation with the Soviet Union in space.
Oral History Project: Interview with James E. Webb, Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1961-1968: Recalls Webb’s tenure at NASA.
Remarks at the Signing of the Treaty on Outer Space: Celebrates the treaty which prohibited installation of 'implements of war' in space, and the use of space or any celestial body for military purposes.

Richard Nixon Library: Space Resources

FG 164 (National Aeronautics and Space Administration): Information about documents related to NASA in the Nixon Presidential Library.

Gerald R. Ford Library and Museum: Space Resources

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Telephone Conversation of President Gerald R. Ford With Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Crews Following Rendezvous and Docking of the Spacecraft: This conversation was broadcast live on radio and television on July 17, 1975.

Picture of the Trifid Nebula taken by Gemini North 8-meter Telescope.
(Courtesy of the Gemini Observatory/GMOS Image)

Jimmy Carter Library and Museum: Space Resources

Civil and Further National Space Policy, October 10, 1978: This directive established national policies on space programs and activities in compliance with the National Space Policy.
A Coherent U.S. Space Policy, March 28, 1977: Directs the Policy Review Committee to develop an overall statement of national goals in space.
National Space Policy, May 11, 1978: Explains the national policies in regard to the conduct of space-related programs and activities.

Ronald Reagan Presidential Library: Space Resources

Address to the Nation on the Explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger: Text of the speech President Reagan delivered after the Challenger disaster.

George Bush Presidential Library and Museum: Space Resources

Beyond the Moon: NASA’s Continuing Mission: Web page describing an exhibit which ran from September 19, 2008 to August 23, 2009 at the George Bush Presidential Library and Museum. Includes links to further information, such as songs used to awaken astronauts on space missions.
Remarks to the Crewmembers of the Space Shuttle Atlantis and the Winners of the Orbiter-Naming Competition: Transcript of a speech made by President Bush on May 16, 1989.
Remarks to the Young Astronaut Council and a Teleconference with the Crew of Space Shuttle Discovery: Drawn from the Public Papers of the President, this web page provides the transcript of a speech made by President Bush and a teleconference with shuttle astronauts on January 24, 1992.

William J. Clinton Presidential Library: Space Resources

Fact Sheet: National Space Policy, September 19, 1996: Details the goals and guidelines of the future of America’s space policy.
The Future Management and Use of the U.S. Space Launch Bases and Ranges: This report examines the role of government agencies and the U.S. commercial space sector in the policy and management issues of space launches.
Joint Statement of the Space Station Partnership, December 6, 1993: Announces the invitation to Russia to join the international Partnership.
Remarks by the President and Colonel Eileen Collins at the Announcement of First Woman Shuttle Commander, March 5, 1998: Includes the text of the comments of the first woman shuttle commander, Col. Eileen Collins, and President Clinton.
Space Station, June 19, 1998: Staff paper prepared for the President’s Commission to Study Capital Budgeting, describes the investment needed for a space station.
Space Station Redesign, July 17, 1993: History of the redesign of the Space Station programs under President Clinton, includes the pertinent reports.
Statement on National Space Transportation Policy, August 5, 1994: Outlines a clear course for the nation’s space program, providing a coherent strategy for supporting and strengthening U.S. space launch capability.

Neptune taken by Voyager spacecraft.
(Courtesy of NASA, JPL, and CALTech)

General Space Exploration Resources

Apollo to the Moon: Extensive site by the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum, covers the history of spaceflight.
Astronaut Fact Book: Gives information on astronaut candidate selection and astronaut alma maters; lists former and current astronauts.
A Brief History of Animals in Space: Information about the use of animals to test the effect of space flight on living organisms.; A selection of CRS Reports complied by the Federation of American Scientists (FAS).
Encyclopedia Astronautica: Entries on all things space-related.
Johnson Space Center (JSC) Digital Image Collection: Image database of NASA’s flights.

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Jupiter’s red spot taken by Voyager spacecraft.
(Courtesy of NASA, JPL, and CALTech)

Legislative Origins of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Act of 1958: Chronicles the history of the act creating NASA, includes oral histories of those who were instrumental in its creation.
NASA Human Spaceflight: Contains extensive information about the various space programs, including the shuttles and the space station, plus a look behind the scenes of manned space missions.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS): 'Provides access to aerospace-related citations, full-text online documents, and images and videos.' Can be browsed or searched.
NASA Multimedia: This web site provides access to NASA's image galleries, video, TV, interactive features, podcasts, and 3D resources.
National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958: Public Law #85-568, 72 Stat. 426, establishes NASA and is designed to 'provide for research into problems of flight within and outside the earth’s atmosphere.'
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): Official site, full of historical and up-to-date information on the space program.
SkyView: Provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, 'SkyView is a Virtual Observatory on the Net generating images of any part of the sky.' Includes images, a blog, and a non-astronomers page.
Solar System: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory site, gives information about and images from NASA’s unmanned spacecraft. Includes links to missions exploring objects in the solar system.
Space Exploration Timeline: Documents achievements in space since the Soviet Union launched Sputnik in 1957.
Space Station: Based on the PBS program, examines the financial, technical and political challenges of creating the International Space Station through questions, interactive activities, and images.
Space Today Online: Covers general space topics, including current events, history, and lesson plans.
StarDate: Maintained by the University of Texas McDonald Observatory, offers tips for stargazers, astronomy education, and lesson plans.
Views of the Solar System: Photos and scientific information, including history of space exploration, rocketry, early astronauts, space missions, spacecraft through the use of text, graphics, images, and videos.
Windows to the Universe: Features interactive resources on Earth and space sciences; graphics intensive site.

Fireworks at star formation taken by Hubble Space Telescope.
(Courtesy of NASA and the Hubble Heritage Team)

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